RELATIVE CLAUSES: 1- LOS RELATIVOS: - WHO/THAT/ WHICH- sustituyen a sintagmas nominales que funcionan como sujetos, CD o CI. - WHERE: sustituye a un CCLugar. - WHEN: sustituye a un CCTiempo. - WHOSE: sustituye a un determinante posesivo y siempre va seguido del nombre al que modificaba el posesivo. 2- EL ANTECEDENTE: Es el sintagma nominal al que va a modificar la oración de relativo. Esta oración de relativo siempre sigue al antecedente. 3- TIPOS DE ORACIONES DE RELATIVO: - DEFINING O SPECIFYING: Definen o especifican de qué o de quién hablamos. Dan información necesaria. - NON-DEFINING O EXTRA- INFORMATION: Añaden una información que no hace falta para entender de qué o de quién hablamos. 4- CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS ORACIONES DE RELATIVO: DEFINING OR SPECIFYING: - Nunca van entre comas. - Pueden usarse todos los relativos, incluyendo "that". -"WHO/THAT/WHICH" pueden omitirse si y solo si NO son sujeto de la cláusula subordinada de relativo. NON-DEFINING OR EXTRA-INFORMATION: - SIEMPRE van entre comas. - "That" NO puede usarse NUNCA. - El relativo, sea el que sea y tenga la función que tenga, nunca se omite. 5- CÓMO SABER SI UNA ORACIÓN ES DEFINING O NON-DEFINING: El antecedente nos va a dar la clave: si se considera como ÚNICO, es decir, no existe otro igual con el que podamos confundirlo: NON- DEFINING.(Por ejemplo, "my mother", "James" or "Sarah's brother")
"Sarah's brother, who you are talking to, is my teacher."
Si hay otro o más iguales,por lo que puedo confundirlo, la cláusula de relativo lo define, así que: DEFINING.( Por ejemplo, "the people"," the woman","the hotel".)
"The policeman (who/that) we asked for help was very nice."
NOTA: Si el antecedente es un nombre propio, o un nombre común determinado por un posesivo o un demostrativo, la cláusula de relativo es NON-DEFINING.(Por ejemplo, "Andrew", "her father", "this car".)
6- CÓMO CONSTRUIR ORACIONES DE RELATIVO: Imaginemos que tenemos estas dos oraciones: a- Tom is my best friend. b- He (Tom) lives next to me.
1- Hay que encontrar el elemento repetido en ambas oraciones: Tom. 2- Decidamos cuál oración será la cláusula subordinada: en este caso sería indiferente que fuese a o b, ya que ambas posibilidades tendrían sentido. Por tanto, vamos a lo fácil: la subordinada es b. Tom is my best friend. (He lives next to me).
3- Sustituimos el elemento repetido en la subordinada por el relativo que corresponda. Como es personal y sujeto: WHO. Tom is my best friend. (who lives next to me).
El relativo que usemos SIEMPRE será la primera palabra de la cláusula subordinada. En este caso ya es así, porque sustituye al sujeto.
4- El elemento repetido en la oración a es el antecedente, que va seguido directamente por la cláusula de relativo: c- Tom who lives next to me is my best friend.
5- En nuestra nueva oración c tenemos que decidir si es defining ( sin comas) o extra-information (con comas), así que nos fijamos en el antecedente. Sin duda, es extra-information, porque el antecedente es un nombre propio: c- Tom, who lives next to me, is my best friend.
Ya no podemos hacer nada más, porque en las extra- information no se puede usar "that", y no se puede omitir nunca el relativo.
EJEMPLO 2: a- I went to the cinema with James. b-I have known him for 20 years.
En estas dos oraciones hay dos elementos repetidos (I y James). Sin embargo, vamos a elegir como antecedente "James", ya que si elegimos "I", la oración que resulta es un poco extraña. Solución: "I went to the cinema with James, who I have known for 20 years."
PRACTICAD AHORA VOSOTROS. COLGAD VUESTRAS SOLUCIONES EN COMMENTS Y OS LAS CORREGIRÉ: 1- A man helped us. He was very polite. 2- I spent some time in the the town. I was born there. 3- The men were arrested. They had robbed a bank. 4- Mary's husband is so big-headed. He thinks he's so intelligent. 5- Summer is my favourite season. We are on holiday then. 6- The people were really nice. We met them at the party. 7-The house was very uncomfortable. We spent the night there. 8-I remember a time. We were so young then. 9- This is Hanna. I worked with her mother last year. 10- The lawyer won the trial. My father knew his father.
1. A man who/that very polite helped us. 2. I spent some time in the town where i was born. 3. The men who had robbed a bank were arrested. 4. Mary's husband ( who/that) thinks he is so intelligent is so big-headed. 5. Summer when we are on holiday is my favourite season. 6. The people who/that met at the party were really nice. 7. The house where we spent the night was very uncomfortable. 8. I remember a time when we were so young. 9. this, who/that i worked with her mother las year, is Hanna. 10. The lawyer, who/that my father knew his father won the trial
In sentence 1 there is a verb missing: ..who/ that WAS very polite... Sentences 2 and 3 are OK. Sentence 4 is non- defining, so the relative clause is between commas. In fact, we are talking about a specific person: Mary's husband. Something similar happens to sentence 5: we are talking about summer, which could be understood as a kind of proper noun, as opposed to winter, spring or autumn. Sentences 6,7 and 8 are correct. Sentence 9 is a bit odd: try to do it again, but this time take "Hanna" and "her" as the elements that link the sentences. Sentence 10 is incorrect: try using "whose".
I just forgot: in sentence 4, which is non-defining, you can't use "that", and you can't omit the relative "who" for two reasons: first, the clause is non-defining,and in the second place, when relatives function as subjects they can never be omitted.
1. A man helped us who was very polite. 2. I spent some time in the town where I was born. 3. The men who had robbed a bank were arrested. 4. Mary´s husband, who thinks he´s so inteligent, is so big-headed. 5. Summer when we are on holiday is my favourite season. 6. The people who met at the party were really nice. 7. The house where we spent the night was very uncomfortable. 8. I remember a time when we were so young. 9. This is Hanna, whose mother I worked last year.??????????? 10. The lawyer whose father my father knew won the trial.
Hi, Ainara. Some of your sentences are wrong: In sentence 1, you have to add the relative sentence just after the noun phrase which is modified. Do it again. Sentence 5 is incorrect, since it is non-defining, that is to say, it goes between commas. The reason for this is that we take the noun "summer" as a kind of proper noun, as opposed to winter, spring and autumn. In sentence 9 there is a preposition missing. The right version is: This is Hanna, whose mother I worked with last year.
hi Mercedes, I'm correcting my sentences are wrong. -Mary's husband, who thinks he is so inteligent, is so big-headed. -Summer,when we are on holiday, is my favorite season. In sentences 9 and 10 I don't know how i do?? I look the sentences are correct to Ainara. -This is Hannna, whose mother i worked with?( i don't understand because there is a preposition in this place only) last year. -The lawyer whose father my father knew won the trial.
RELATIVE CLAUSES:
ReplyDelete1- LOS RELATIVOS:
- WHO/THAT/ WHICH- sustituyen a sintagmas nominales que funcionan como sujetos, CD o CI.
- WHERE: sustituye a un CCLugar.
- WHEN: sustituye a un CCTiempo.
- WHOSE: sustituye a un determinante posesivo y siempre va seguido del nombre al que modificaba el posesivo.
2- EL ANTECEDENTE:
Es el sintagma nominal al que va a modificar la oración de relativo. Esta oración de relativo siempre sigue al antecedente.
3- TIPOS DE ORACIONES DE RELATIVO:
- DEFINING O SPECIFYING:
Definen o especifican de qué o de quién hablamos. Dan información necesaria.
- NON-DEFINING O EXTRA- INFORMATION:
Añaden una información que no hace falta para entender de qué o de quién hablamos.
4- CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS ORACIONES DE RELATIVO:
DEFINING OR SPECIFYING:
- Nunca van entre comas.
- Pueden usarse todos los relativos, incluyendo "that".
-"WHO/THAT/WHICH" pueden omitirse si y solo si NO son sujeto de la cláusula subordinada de relativo.
NON-DEFINING OR EXTRA-INFORMATION:
- SIEMPRE van entre comas.
- "That" NO puede usarse NUNCA.
- El relativo, sea el que sea y tenga la función que tenga, nunca se omite.
5- CÓMO SABER SI UNA ORACIÓN ES DEFINING O NON-DEFINING:
El antecedente nos va a dar la clave: si se considera como ÚNICO, es decir, no existe otro igual con el que podamos confundirlo: NON- DEFINING.(Por ejemplo, "my mother", "James" or "Sarah's brother")
"Sarah's brother, who you are talking to, is my teacher."
Si hay otro o más iguales,por lo que puedo confundirlo, la cláusula de relativo lo define, así que: DEFINING.( Por ejemplo, "the people"," the woman","the hotel".)
"The policeman (who/that) we asked for help was very nice."
NOTA: Si el antecedente es un nombre propio, o un nombre común determinado por un posesivo o un demostrativo, la cláusula de relativo es NON-DEFINING.(Por ejemplo, "Andrew", "her father", "this car".)
6- CÓMO CONSTRUIR ORACIONES DE RELATIVO:
Imaginemos que tenemos estas dos oraciones:
a- Tom is my best friend.
b- He (Tom) lives next to me.
1- Hay que encontrar el elemento repetido en ambas oraciones: Tom.
2- Decidamos cuál oración será la cláusula subordinada: en este caso sería indiferente que fuese a o b, ya que ambas posibilidades tendrían sentido. Por tanto, vamos a lo fácil: la subordinada es b.
Tom is my best friend. (He lives next to me).
3- Sustituimos el elemento repetido en la subordinada por el relativo que corresponda. Como es personal y sujeto: WHO.
Tom is my best friend. (who lives next to me).
El relativo que usemos SIEMPRE será la primera palabra de la cláusula subordinada. En este caso ya es así, porque sustituye al sujeto.
4- El elemento repetido en la oración a es el antecedente, que va seguido directamente por la cláusula de relativo:
c- Tom who lives next to me is my best friend.
5- En nuestra nueva oración c tenemos que decidir si es defining ( sin comas) o extra-information (con comas), así que nos fijamos en el antecedente. Sin duda, es extra-information, porque el antecedente es un nombre propio:
c- Tom, who lives next to me, is my best friend.
Ya no podemos hacer nada más, porque en las extra- information no se puede usar "that", y no se puede omitir nunca el relativo.
EJEMPLO 2:
a- I went to the cinema with James.
b-I have known him for 20 years.
En estas dos oraciones hay dos elementos repetidos (I y James). Sin embargo, vamos a elegir como antecedente "James", ya que si elegimos "I", la oración que resulta es un poco extraña.
Solución:
"I went to the cinema with James, who I have known for 20 years."
PRACTICAD AHORA VOSOTROS. COLGAD VUESTRAS SOLUCIONES EN COMMENTS Y OS LAS CORREGIRÉ:
ReplyDelete1- A man helped us. He was very polite.
2- I spent some time in the the town. I was born there.
3- The men were arrested. They had robbed a bank.
4- Mary's husband is so big-headed. He thinks he's so intelligent.
5- Summer is my favourite season. We are on holiday then.
6- The people were really nice. We met them at the party.
7-The house was very uncomfortable. We spent the night there.
8-I remember a time. We were so young then.
9- This is Hanna. I worked with her mother last year.
10- The lawyer won the trial. My father knew his father.
1. A man who/that very polite helped us.
ReplyDelete2. I spent some time in the town where i was born.
3. The men who had robbed a bank were arrested.
4. Mary's husband ( who/that) thinks he is so intelligent is so big-headed.
5. Summer when we are on holiday is my favourite season.
6. The people who/that met at the party were really nice.
7. The house where we spent the night was very uncomfortable.
8. I remember a time when we were so young.
9. this, who/that i worked with her mother las year, is Hanna.
10. The lawyer, who/that my father knew his father won the trial
In sentence 1 there is a verb missing: ..who/ that WAS very polite...
ReplyDeleteSentences 2 and 3 are OK.
Sentence 4 is non- defining, so the relative clause is between commas. In fact, we are talking about a specific person: Mary's husband.
Something similar happens to sentence 5: we are talking about summer, which could be understood as a kind of proper noun, as opposed to winter, spring or autumn.
Sentences 6,7 and 8 are correct.
Sentence 9 is a bit odd: try to do it again, but this time take "Hanna" and "her" as the elements that link the sentences.
Sentence 10 is incorrect: try using "whose".
I just forgot: in sentence 4, which is non-defining, you can't use "that", and you can't omit the relative "who" for two reasons: first, the clause is non-defining,and in the second place, when relatives function as subjects they can never be omitted.
ReplyDelete1. A man helped us who was very polite.
ReplyDelete2. I spent some time in the town where I was born.
3. The men who had robbed a bank were arrested.
4. Mary´s husband, who thinks he´s so inteligent, is so big-headed.
5. Summer when we are on holiday is my favourite season.
6. The people who met at the party were really nice.
7. The house where we spent the night was very uncomfortable.
8. I remember a time when we were so young.
9. This is Hanna, whose mother I worked last year.???????????
10. The lawyer whose father my father knew won the trial.
Hi, Ainara. Some of your sentences are wrong:
ReplyDeleteIn sentence 1, you have to add the relative sentence just after the noun phrase which is modified. Do it again.
Sentence 5 is incorrect, since it is non-defining, that is to say, it goes between commas. The reason for this is that we take the noun "summer" as a kind of proper noun, as opposed to winter, spring and autumn.
In sentence 9 there is a preposition missing. The right version is: This is Hanna, whose mother I worked with last year.
All the other sentences are correct. Well done!!!
hi Mercedes, I'm correcting my sentences are wrong.
ReplyDelete-Mary's husband, who thinks he is so inteligent, is so big-headed.
-Summer,when we are on holiday, is my favorite season.
In sentences 9 and 10 I don't know how i do??
I look the sentences are correct to Ainara.
-This is Hannna, whose mother i worked with?( i don't understand because there is a preposition in this place only) last year.
-The lawyer whose father my father knew won the trial.
If you have a look at the wiki, you will find some tests on relative clauses.
ReplyDeleteThis is the link:http://wikienglishforspanishstudents.wikispaces.com/